[59], Islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are generally considered to be the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernndez Islands, belonging to Chile; and Macquarie Island, belonging to Australia. The Anson archipelago included phantom islands such as Ganges Island and Los Jardines which were proven to not exist, as well as real islands such as Marcus Island and Wake Island. 100 million. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. In 1519, a Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan sailed down the east coast of South America, found and sailed through the strait that bears his name and on 28 November 1520 entered the ocean which he named "Pacific". Census maps is an interactive tool to explore Census 2021 data across England and Wales for different topics down to a neighbourhood level. Willem Janszoon, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in Cape York Peninsula. [433] Hawaiian art includes wood carvings, feather work, petroglyphs, bark cloth (called kapa in Hawaiian and tapa elsewhere in the Pacific), and tattoos. 12.1.2021-3.1.2023 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people - 7-day rolling average - LOGCOVID-19 Data ExplorerOur World in Data https . In a 1947 article on the formation of the South Pacific Commission for the Pacific Affairs journal, author Roy E. James stated the organization's scope encompassed all non-self governing islands below the equator to the east of Papua New Guinea (which itself was included in the scope and then known as Dutch New Guinea). Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. [447] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. [221], The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,[222][223] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. Updates? [116] Chile's government also categorize Easter Island, the Desventuradas Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being part of a region titled Insular Chile. [356][357] The economy diversified and by 2008, tourism had become the single biggest generator of foreign exchange. "[91] It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject". [110][111] The book The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania (1966) asserts that, "Japan, Taiwan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia [and] the Pacific archipelagos bordering upon the Far East Asian mainland are excluded from Oceania", and that "all the islands lying between Australia and the Americas, including Australia, are part of Oceania. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. In 2006 Australia left the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) for the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and their men's team the Socceroos have qualified for every subsequent FIFA World Cup as an Asian entrant. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. [120] The South Pacific Commission is a developmental organization formed in 1947 and is currently known as the Pacific Community; its members include Australia and other Pacific Islands Forum members. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . [123] Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the Cocos Plate, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. [96] Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's Pribilof Islands (located to the north of the Aleutian chain in the subarctic Bering Sea) and China's Hainan (located in the South China Sea). Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. 1. Australia and New Zealand stand out in rugby. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. Rugby, football and cricket are popularin most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands. Mediterrranean 2. The overwhelming majority of people living in the Pacific islands work in the service industry which includes tourism, education and financial services. Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. The Samoan word for dance is siva, which consists of unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tell a story. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index,[8][9] to the much less developed economies of Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western New Guinea,[10] while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Fiji, Palau, and Tonga. Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. [101] The U.S. Government Publishing Office's Area Handbook for Oceania from 1971 states that Australia and New Zealand are the principal large sovereignties of the area. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. [187] Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population. [46][47] For example, Tony deBrum, Foreign Minister for the Marshall Islands, stated in 2014, "not only [is Australia] our big brother down south, Australia is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum and Australia is a Pacific island, a big island, but a Pacific island. The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. Piramide della popolazione: Oceania - 1986. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Corrections? [436] The most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football garners the highest spectatorship numbers and television ratings. [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Population density (people per sq. . [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. Japan's Bonin and Ryukyu Islands are also considered to be subtropical islands, with the main Japanese archipelago being non-tropical. Styles such as slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, California's Channel Islands and Farallon Islands, Canada's Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's Chilo Island, Ecuador's Galpagos Islands, Mexico's Guadalupe Island, Revillagigedo Islands, San Benito Islands and Tres Maras Islands, and Peru's Chincha Islands. "[99] Scottish academic John Merry Ross in 1879 considered Polynesia to cover the entire South and Central Pacific area, not just islands ethnographically within Polynesia. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. In the national agreement on Closing the Gap signed . [442] Australia's team the Wallabies have also managed to win the World Cup twice, despite Rugby union being less popular among Australians. International and domestic tourism contributes, in total, NZ$24 billion to New Zealand's economy every year. It is held every four years and began in 1963. Oceaniacontributes barely 1% of total world production, so it is not a continent with much weight in this matter. I. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and Samoa in 1900. This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [276], The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included a large number of endemic species. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. Asia, with more than 4.6 billion people, has the highest. Mailing List - See more. Oceania's population tops around 45 million people and spans over 8,525,929 square kilometers. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. [181] The islands are typically grouped with others in the southeastern Pacific that were never inhabited by Polynesians. The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. It notes that, "the term [has] also come under scrutiny by many geographers. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. Todd defined the oceanic Bonin Islands as making up a Japanese language segment of Oceania, and excluded the main Japanese archipelago. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. [89], The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society stated in 1892 that Australia was a large island within Oceania rather than a small continent. At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. The poverty line is defined by people living on less than 50% of the median income. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [50][51][52] The Pacific Ocean itself has been labelled as a "continent of islands", and contains approximately 25,000, which is more than all the other major oceans combined. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. CSIRO Publishing. 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