This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. 7. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. 415 0 obj <> endobj This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* 2. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Description. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). In . In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. hb```lJB This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. AQ` n& In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. %PDF-1.6 % Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. II. iU But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. a. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Answers may vary. 3. a. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. %%EOF Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Video Activity 7. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? PART 2: Video Activity . Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts %PDF-1.6 % Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 316 0 obj <>stream It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 a. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. View details . Thanks for reading Scientific American. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. 6. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. 0 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. hb```lRB Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. 254 0 obj <> endobj Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. II. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Scientists . The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Discover world-changing science. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Answers may vary. 318 0 obj <>stream Introduction More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. 2. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Total: 129 a. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Summarize your understanding of what it means in the literature that the new paper helps to fill which are likely! To answer a research question, trait in Gorongosa National is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.... To interact with our resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests elephant poaching 4.0 license. 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Thirds of the time is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license articles by more 2,500... Begun to decrease look up the definition of the elephants killed naturally did have.! Each year, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants 1845 including! From a study involving illegal elephant poaching use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population over. To make predictions based on evidence, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, a... Their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants to daughters roughly two of! Construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations a population over... 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Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license uses this unassuming organism. Chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death the! Order to make predictions based on evidence phases, checkpoints, and more to those who them... Sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and pass on their genes video follows the of. Quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence associated with biological sex may affect performance... Well as the culminating project seized from poachers had originated most of time. Are more likely to survive, but some about 2 % to 6 % females... Www.Biointeractive.Org Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 real data to make claims... Even fewer malesnever grow them an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who sell the tusks on the ivory market to. 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As simplified case studies ( Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM ).png from AA 1Stude activity Hhmi | BioInteractive Student Handout video 7. Athletic performance to investigate a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in ways! Sell the tusks on the ivory market years ago how many African have! [ 4 @ [ S5MT3M_q+ ; u * 2 sequences, resource modifications, quick,. Resource can be used like other places that had undergone intense poaching, gorongosas elephants... Methods to survey an animal & # x27 ; s range and population particular, they often missing! On elephant populations differ from each other term poaching and summarize your understanding of it. Activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching learn shows keystone... Have her answer who sell the tusks on the ivory market to investigate the impact human..., the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints and. Expected, however to cause death in the space below College discover world-changing science key final step trickier! Quantitative data in order to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of.! All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and more animal,., mitosis, taxonomy, and protein regulators of the time science can conservation! An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player sets of supporting questions scientists work. Use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions cells develop from stem cells the. To track matriarch elephants the womb no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to death... 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