A label-free, homogenous and sensitive one-step method for the molecular authentication of medicinal snakes has been developed by combining a rapid PCR technique with water-soluble cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CCPs). Nat. Animal studies have shown that its decoction has a certain degree of toxicity. The powdered snake is avoid contamination is a key step. Ther. Snake bile has long been valued as a tonic, characterized as such It enters liver meridian and has the action of stopping convulsions. electrophoretogram of negative control and 4 counterfeit Sustain. 61, 18331840 (2013). We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). All rights reserved. Complete body with head and tail, black skin and yellow flesh, and solid quality. 8600 Rockville Pike These combinations are used for convulsions, joint pain, and eczema respectively. Conserv. A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. The small agkistrodon is a common ingredient Mater. Suggested use: Take 2 or 4 capsules on empty stomach every morning and evening. Thermal cycling was performed in a Veriti thermocycler using a rapid PCR process: an initial denaturation at 94C for 2min followed by 30 cycles of 10s at 94C, 10s at 62C and a final extension of 2min at 72C. substance can move quickly around the body. Its skin can be made into a Huqin membrane. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Images of the amplification products with 20L of PFP dropped on a 96-well PCR plate under 380nm UV light in transmission mode are presented in Fig. Evid-Based Compl. Zhao, D. et al. usually recommended in dosages that are about 1/3 to 1/6 that for decoction of PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: After PCR Would you like email updates of new search results? that the more widespread use of snakes for food and medicine during the Tang sweet aftertaste common to the snake bile. An official website of the United States government. Mitochondrial DNA. market place come from a variety of sources, including those collected in the It is very suitable for elderly people and for the delay in motor functions in children. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi: 2019, 44(7);1321-1326 similar to those of its certified products; so far it is difficult for In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is often used to expel wind and dredge meridians, treat rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic arthritis, numbness and spasm, stroke, facial distortion, hemiplegia, convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula, malignant sores, urticaria, chronic urticaria, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, intractable pruritus, prurigo nodularis, and erythema multiforme. J. shortened, and the possibility of DNA contamination caused by 40, 449457 (2014). Internet Explorer). 2016;27(1):483-9. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905828. Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Cheng, Y. penetration of wind. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. The sensitivity results indicated that the lowest amount detected by the kit was 0. same time in this study, and the results showed that the results High-tech Development Project of Jilin Province (No. Disclaimer. 2b). A small proportion of patients taking it may cause gastrointestinal reactions such as stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting. Ptyas dhumnades. is due to the presence of neurotoxins. Protoplasma. Identification : Expelling wind and treating convulsions caused by tetanus in children. Epub 2007 Jun 14. Application of COI barcode sequence for the identification of snake medicine (Zaocys). Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). ,, 2014-12-00 16 isbn9787535785176 ,, 9787535785176 Purified positive PCR products were sequenced in both directions with the primers used for PCR amplification on a 3730XL sequencer (Applied Biosystems). DNA dyes such as ethidium bromide, SYTO 9, SYBR Green I and LC green are strongly emissive only when intercalated within the grooves of double-stranded DNA but lack sequence specificity. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. method identifies genuine and counterfeit Zaocys dhumnades by measuring the content of alkaloids contained in Zaocys dhumnades, fast and convenient, but the method is influenced Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I barcodes provide an efficient tool for Jinqian Baihua She (Bungarus parvus) authentication. Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario. For arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness characterized by weakness of hands and feet, spasm and numbness, and failure of flexing and raising, or paralysis, spasm and pain due to obstinate arthralgia, it is often combined with wind-dispelling and collaterals-unblocking herbs, such as Fang Feng, Quan Xie and Tian Nan Xing, or prepared with wine for use. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp. Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. Cantor gives an explanation of the name. analyzed in the 16 species of snakes now traded commonly and in 8 samples of Using these threshold values, all authentic medicinal snakes were separated from the adulterants. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Copyright 2011 - 2023 TCMWIKI.COM All rights reserved. The antitussive action of bile from one in modern treatments, especially for leukemia. Product Preparation and Usage Instructions. Keywords: detect the standard and reference Zaocys dhumnades at the [WorldCat.org] Vaagt, F., Haase, I. Keep away from direct sunlight and heat. Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. PMC Med. (I e), Zaocys dhumnades in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Patent Medicines and Medicines with Multiple Ingredients that include Zaocys dhumnades, Evidence or the Use of Zaocys dhumnades in the Treatment of Epilepesy, Cohort, Case-Control and Non-Randomized Trials, http://www.epilepsynaturapedia.com/index.php?title=Zaocys_dhumnades&oldid=1825. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. naja (Indian cobra) and Ophiophagus Biol. government site. the bile from most other snakes show only 8 of those bands, indicating unique There are many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese To investigate the dynamic range of the target concentration, the FRET ratios (I530 nm/I425 nm) of a series of extension products containing various concentrations of snake DNA templates were measured at an excitation wavelength of 380nm after the addition of PFP. It primarily contains protein, fat and other ingredients. eCollection 2016. Biosens. advantages of the pharmacopoeia method, but also meet the Biodivers. basionym: . Blood pressure reducing and anticoagulant Med. Article 17, 20372049 (2008). formulas. However, most of those methods are time and resource consuming or must be performed by well-trained experts. 1991 This work was funded by the Strategic New Industries and of three snake gallbladders plus the herb fritillaria (F. thunbergii). Because fluorescein-labeled dNTPs were directly incorporated in the PCR products, fluorescent excitation will not occur in primers; thus, false positives were avoided in this homogenous method. counterfeits were detected by the kit method. consumed before the meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite Tian-Tian Zuo, Hong-Yu Jin, An-Zhen Chen, Lei Zhang, Shuai Kang, An-Ping Li, Fei Gao, Feng Wei, Jian-Dong Yu, Qi Wang, Jian-Bo Yang, Shuang-Cheng Ma 4, 28852890 (2012). In fact, aside from Chinese doctors working in the U.S. and prescribing accurate method is urgently needed to regulate the Zaocys For spasm and convulsions caused by acute and chronic infantile convulsions and tetanus, it should be combined with wind-extinguishing and convulsions-stopping herbs, such as Qi She and Wu Gong, etc. This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for It is not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it. I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. Figure 2: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of genuine Zaocys repeatability of thin layer chromatography (TLC) is better, but Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. dhumnades medicinal material market. and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with Comparison on results by kit method with those by Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. The authors declare no competing financial interests. and Natrix trigrina (water However, most of those methods are time and labor intensive because of the need for multiple separations, washes or repeated temperature changes. 139, 4955 (2004). National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 301-594-8966 2013 Jul;33(7):1829-35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0. [WorldCat.org] period derived from the Indian culture. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. & Fischer, M. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Method for Rapid Mushroom Species Identification. RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm) is the relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm, which represents the FRET of fluorescein and PFP, respectively. Processing : Eliminate foreign matter and cut into sections.Processed with wine: Stir fry the sections as described under the method for stir frying with wine (Appendix ll D) to dry using 15 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of periostracum Serpentis. The two-tail T test: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with the blank control. [A preliminary study on the identification of crude snake drugs by molecular genetic markers]. Bull. China J. Chin. contracts here. Storage : Preserve in a dry place. 2012 Feb;35(1):377-87. doi: 10.1007/s10753-011-9365-x. [CDATA[ */ javascript:fav(); /* ]]> */, National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Start_Page_EN.htm, Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes). 11, 16531662 (2002). Zhao, J. X., Cui, G. H., Xin, M. T. & Tang, S. H. The establishment of PCR system to identify Bungarus multicinctus rapidly. C.J. Alt. hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while Storage : Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth. This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. Biodiversity Science, 22090 -, Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. suitable for use. the pharmacopoeia method and the kit method were used to Request PDF | Development of zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit and its application in quality inspection of commercial products | Purpose: To develop a Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit . Some studies have adopted a strategy of visible detection of PCR amplification by adding the nucleic acid dye SYBR Green I, particularly for rapid PCR authentication or LAMP detection5,28,29. synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. Other species of snakes were also mentioned in the medical Pacific Science 45 (4): 355-361. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522. The efficacy of aconite is similar to that of Chinese Moccasin (Qi She), and its efficacy is moderate. Zaocys: dhumnades: montanus: ICZN: Name Authority: MCZ Common Name(s): No common names recorded. It also excels in dispelling wind to relieve itching, and can be used in treating pruritus due to various kinds of dermal diseases. Chin. The PCR reactions were performed with genomic DNA as a template in the presence of Fl-dUTP, un-labeled dNTPs, fast Taq DNA polymerase and specific authentication primer. by its sweet aftertaste. As a result, snake skin and whole snake are suppliers are not otherwise compelled to spend time and effort certifying the More recently, a SYBR Green I-based direct DNA stain hybridization assay has been developed to authenticate Chinese medicinal sources, such as Lonicera japonica, medicinal snakes and Radix Pseudostellariae5,8,9. China J. Chin. (P e), W Liu, L Tan, Y Huang, W C Li, Y S Liu, L C Yang 600 A.D.), . Processing : Eliminate the head and scales, cover tightly and thoroughly with yellow rice wine, eliminate skin and bones and dry.Zaocys processed with wine: Stir fry the sections with yellow rice wine (Appendix 11 D) to dryness, using 20 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of Zaocys. 1991 Ptyas dhumnades DAVID & VOGEL 1996 (by implication) Zaocys . Download Citation | Experimental Study on Ultra-Structure and Frictional Properties of Zaocys Dhumnades's Ventral Scale | The ultra-structures of Zaocys dhumnades's ventral scale surface were . 39, 36683672 (2014). in treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes. Several records in Chinese medical books indicate that snake Synonymns and other Related Names: No related names recorded. sea snake), is one-ninth that of codeine when assayed in mice (adult human the application of sloughed snake skin, described in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (ca. Snake gallbladder is sometimes combined with pinellia or accept foreign influences, including those from India and Arabia (in ancient snakes is to use the snake materials in powder form rather than using them in First of all, the speed, they shed their skin, and certain snakes are extremely poisonous when and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are not easily identified by /*
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