Can you wonder, when such happenings as these became known among the blacks that they did not retaliate? The upper end of this pole is ornamented by having, a bunch of green leaves or grass tied around it. When within six miles of the station Pumpkin Creek the soldiers refused to proceed further, fearing an ambush. If some of the men have remained in the camp all day, they also will proceed to the goonambang and meet the others there. The Dutton Family Tree, Explained. Among the tribes in the Williams valley it was not uncommon for the medicine- men of hostile tribes to sneak into a camp at night under cover of the darkness, or a cloud, and with a net of peculiar construction garrotte one of the tribe, drag him a few hundred yards from the camp, cut up his abdomen obliquely, take out the kidney and caul-fat and then stuff a handful of sand and grass into the wound. The blacks had an uneering instinct for spot- ting a tree that harbored a possum. In some parts of the tract of country to which the ceremonies herein described apply, one of the front incisor teeth was formerly extracted during the time the novices were away at the keelaybang, but as this custom is not now enforced anywhere From conversations which I have had with very old black fellows, there appear to be some grounds for supposing that the custom was not universally carried out in the districts referred to. These are excerpts from publicly available documents, mostly from the 1800s and early 1900s relating to the Gringai, giving an indication of their customs and way of life. A timeline of Australian Museum exhibitions, events, cultural object and policies connected to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. In those days the flying-foxes were plentiful around Port Stephens there being a densely populated harborage on Cabbage Tree. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. The seeds of Zamia spiralis [a species of cycad] were soaked in a creek or swamp for several weeks, pounded and then roasted (Threlkeld in Gunsom 1974:55; Backhouse 1843:380). . After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. In every creek, in every gully, lay dead blacks, and Ganghat became anathema; a place accursed, Then another name arose tor the locality Belbora (now mostly called Belbowrie.) Baal Bora to signify that the circular ceremonial of the Boombit should never more be enacted there Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 9 Nov 1923 Page 3 The Pioneers. Children were not weaned until six or seven years and it was quite a common thing to see a boy or girl of that age suddenly leave oft playing about the camp to obtain a little refreshment from the mothers breast. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. Around Dungog the blacks believed when a man became ill with a wasting sick- ness, that one of these medicine-men had crept in under cover of darkness and. Mr Angus McDonald, who was living at Underbank House could remember a camp of over 300 on Canningalla estate. The canoe was an essential part of the fishing operations, and these crude but effective craft were greatly in evidence. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. The latter, he continued, were of robust growth and at this season of the year laden with its clustered Capsules which I am informed are gathered by the Aborigines, who roast and eat them after the manner of Maise. Coola-benn, Native Chief of Ashe Island, Hunters RIver. The gins peeled the bark off the long straight limbs of the white myrtle and soak it in water holes till the brown skin came off. Figure 8: A sketch of a bora ground near Gloucester, showing the position of the two rings 18 chains or 362 metres apart. For instance, a party of us were preparing to go fishing in Fame Cove under the guidance of Billy Steward, a man who had once been steward on a boat. Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. On being asked by what jury he would be tried, the prisoner replied by black-fellows ; but this of course the Court was not empowered to grant. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. Tiddalik: The Little Green Frog That Grew, Activities for language engagement and appreciation. The boomerang, a weapon universal throughout Australia among aboriginal tribes, naturally held a prominent place In the communal arsenal. These arrivals generally take place in the afternoon a few hours before sundown. Arriving at the foot of the hill the men threw down their weapons on the ground, and springing on to the cleared space, danced on the fire with their bare feet until it was extinguished. After the formalities of their reception have been gone through, the new arrivals, who are not painted black on this occasion, ask some of the other men to accompany them a little way from the camp, where they hold a consultation as to the date on which the novices will be taken to the kweealbang. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p9. The sketch appeared in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. To signify the religious importance, the initiates were given rock crystals warmed in an open fire and told that these were the excrement of the great spirit Goign (hence the meaning of goonambangthe place of excrement). The mothers and sisters of the novices generally give vent to tears and lamentations when they find the boys and all the men gone away; and such of the young girls and boys who have never been to a keeparra before, appear to have been very much scared, by the strange ordeal through which they have just passed. When nearly through, smoke would begin to rise, whereupon the efforts of the operator would be re-doubled. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. As everything relating to these ceremonies is kept very secret it is only hearsay. H e explained that he never felt a hit from a nullah, and only realised he had been struck when he noticed the blood streaming down his [face]. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tuesday 25 March 1919 p3. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. What it meant I could never discover. They were fond, too, of pets, for the place was always alive with parrots, bears, opossums, squirrels, kangaroo rats and bandicoots that had been caught in the bush and tamed to the domesticity of camplife. There were formerly several marked trees, around the goonambang, but they have all been burnt down and destroyed by bushfires. In this way they were deliciously cooked, and indeed the doctor relates that he frequently dealt with his own game and fish in this manner. There were a few aboriginals about in those times. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. As it reached a terrific climax it ceased suddenly, to be succeeded by great shouting and yelling from the men. The blacks would not, or could not say anything definite of him that one could advance as an explanation of his where- abouts or his potency, but clearly he had some influence, The belief in a spirit existence is exemplified in connection with the burial customs of the Port Stephens tribe. After this a larger party rode over to the Bowman River through McKenzIes Gap (Neilsons selection) and meeting with a large number of blacks fought another pitched battle, where Mr. J. T. Grants homestead now stands, many blacks over 100 it is said were killed and also some 12 whites were killed and badly wounded. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. Even your best guess will do. The shield (cooreel), was an important article of warlike equipment to the warriors. Simply put, a family tree is a record of the lineage of a family. After this visit of the keerang the novices are allowed greater liberty, being permitted to sit up straight in the camp, and occasionally to stand. The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. The stranger produced a small pipe from his belt, stooped down to the fire, lit the tobacco with a coal, and took a few puffs. A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. The Grengai tribe were possessed of a wonderful marriage law, which prevented relations from marrying, and this law extends to Queensland. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. Oral history tells us that by 1840 the natural food supplies were almost exhausted. The top, fitted into this slot, would be made firm with cords of animal sinews or flbre ( and coated oyer with gum from the grass-tree. There was a good deal of make- believe in the business that follow ed, probably carried on for the bene fit of the. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. After Mr. McKenzies death Mr. Simon Lord, a well-known Sydney merchant (after whom Lords Creek is named) of the early Forties of last century, took over the management of the Rawdens properties for a few years and until they were sold. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tue 7 Mar 1939 Page 4 Old Days and Blacks. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. the slightly curved weapon, utilised for striking down game of all descriptions, and the sharply curved var- iety which would return to the thrower. News - significant events and disasters. 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